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header: "Digital Independence Day - Reclaiming Our Digital Autonomy"
footer: "Michał Czechowski"
title: Digital Independence Day - Reclaiming Our Digital Autonomy
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# Digital Independence Day
## Part 1: Reclaiming Our Digital Autonomy
**Michał Czechowski**
University Lecturer & Hacktivist
Stuttgart, Germany
*Science in the City Festival Malta — September 17, 2025*
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# Notes (1/2)
This presentation is licensed under **Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)**
- Allows others to share and adapt your work with proper attribution
- Requires adaptations to be shared under the same license
For the full license text, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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# Notes (2/2)
- Feel free to ask questions at any time
- Interruptions and discussions are welcome and encouraged
- This is an interactive session
- Your input and participation are valuable
---
# About Me
**Michał Czechowski**
- University Lecturer at DHBW Stuttgart & LFH Hannover
- Employed at a dictionary publisher (PONS Langenscheidt GmbH)
- 20+ years software engineering experience
- FOSS transformation specialist
- Polish-German background: generational experience with authoritarian control
- Passionate about empowering digital independence through democratic technology
<!--
- Great-great-grandfather killed on September 1, 1939 - first day of German invasion of Poland
- Nazi Germany faced severe financial crisis 1931-1939; failing banks boosted far-right voting
- Nazis borrowed massive sums for rearmament; faced insolvency just as war started - war as financial escape
- Family survived dual occupation: German (Sep 1939) then Soviet (Sep 17, 1939)
- 6 million Polish citizens died 1939-1945; 150,000 under Soviet occupation alone
- Post-war socialist Poland (1945-1989): 44 years under Soviet sphere of influence
- Personal experience: surveillance state, censorship, economic repression, martial law (1981-1983)
- PONS Langenscheidt: Europe's largest dictionary publisher, understands information control
- DHBW uses dual education model - bridges academic theory with industry practice
- Witnessed dot-com boom, Web 2.0 transformation, mobile revolution - understands tech's political trajectory
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# What is Digital Independence?
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# Digital Independence
## Democratic Control Over Information Systems
**Digital Autonomy**: The capacity for individuals and societies to make informed, voluntary decisions about their digital tools and data
* **Individual Level**: You control what software runs on your devices
* **Societal Level**: Communities govern their digital infrastructure
* **Democratic Level**: Transparent, accountable technology governance
<!--
- Current reality: most people can't even choose their phone's default browser
- Contrast with food sovereignty movement - communities controlling their food systems
- "Informed consent" is impossible with proprietary black-box algorithms
- Democratic tech governance exists: see Taiwan's vTaiwan platform, Barcelona's Decidim
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# Why Does Digital Autonomy Matter?
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# The Fourth Revolution (2014)
**Luciano Floridi's Core Thesis**: We now inhabit a "hyper-historical" world where the distinction between online and offline life has collapsed.
The **infosphere** - our combined digital and physical reality - means:
* Information systems ARE the infrastructure of modern society
* Digital dependencies create systemic vulnerabilities
* Control over information systems equals control over society itself
<!--
- Floridi: Oxford professor of philosophy and ethics of information
- Previous revolutions: Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian - all decentered humanity
- Fourth Revolution: we are now informational beings, not just biological
- "Onlife" concept: no meaningful online/offline distinction for digital natives
-->
---
# Critical Infrastructure Dependencies
**When information systems control …**
* **Healthcare**: Electronic records, diagnostic systems, life support
* **Logistics**: Supply chains, transportation networks, food distribution
* **Finance**: Payment systems, banking infrastructure, economic stability
* **Democracy**: Media platforms, electoral systems, public discourse
* **Education**: Learning platforms, research access, knowledge distribution
<!--
- 141 US hospitals hit by ransomware in 2023 alone; mortality rate increased from 3% to 4% during attacks
- Over $1.1 billion paid in healthcare ransomware in 2023
- SolarWinds hack (2020) compromised 18,000+ organizations through single software update
- 2021 Colonial Pipeline shutdown: 45% of US East Coast fuel supply offline for 6 days
- Estonia 2007: cyber attacks paralyzed entire nation's digital infrastructure for weeks
-->
---
# When Digital Systems Fail, Society Fails
**Recent Systemic Failures:**
* Hospital ransomware attacks → patients die from delayed care
* Social media manipulation → electoral interference, democratic erosion
* Supply chain attacks → economic disruption, infrastructure breakdown
* Platform censorship → suppression of legitimate discourse
* Algorithmic bias → systemic discrimination at scale
<!--
- Düsseldorf University Hospital (2020): first confirmed ransomware death - patient died during transfer
- 2016 US election: Facebook admits 126 million users saw Russian disinformation
- NotPetya (2017): $10 billion global damage from single malware strain
- Hunter Biden laptop story suppressed by Twitter before 2020 election
- Amazon's hiring algorithm discriminated against women for a decade before discovery
-->
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# Who Opposes Digital Autonomy?
---
# The Opposition Alliance
**Surveillance Capitalism Model:**
* Extract behavioral data at unprecedented scale
* Manipulate user behavior through algorithmic control
* Create dependencies to maintain market dominance
**Authoritarian State Interests:**
* Monitor and control population behavior
* Suppress dissent through platform manipulation
* Weaponize civilian technology infrastructure
<!--
- Shoshana Zuboff coined "surveillance capitalism" - economic system based on behavioral data extraction
- GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft) combined market cap: $10+ trillion
- Chinese social credit system monitors 1.4 billion people through integrated digital surveillance
- NSA's PRISM program collected data from major US tech companies 2007-2013
- Pegasus spyware sold to 40+ governments to spy on journalists, activists, politicians
-->
---
# Real-World Effects
* **Cambridge Analytica (2018)**: 87 million Facebook profiles harvested for election manipulation
* **Meta's Teen Depression Experiments (2021)**: Deliberately harmful algorithms tested on adolescents
* **Israel-Lebanon Pager Attack (2024)**: Consumer communication devices remotely weaponized at Hezbollah (Operation Grim Beeper)
* **Palantir Surveillance Infrastructure**: Military-grade population monitoring sold to corporations and governments
* **TikTok Algorithmic Influence**: Foreign state influence over domestic youth culture and political discourse
<!--
- Cambridge Analytica worked on 200+ elections worldwide, not just Trump 2016
- Facebook knew Instagram harm to teen girls since 2019, kept algorithms unchanged
- Pager attack killed 12, wounded 2,750 - showed any electronic device can be weaponized
- Palantir co-founded by Peter Thiel, valued at $20 billion, used by ICE for deportations
- TikTok algorithm promotes pro-China content, suppresses Tibet/Hong Kong/Uyghur topics
-->
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# Oracle's BlueKai
* **2014**: Oracle aquires a marketing tech start-up **BlueKai** based in Cupertino, California, for around **$400 million**.
* **2016**: Oracle's CEO Larry Ellison bragged about profiling 5 billion people worldwide, creating detailed cohorts from **sensitive web browsing activity, names, home addresses, email addresses, and cross-device tracking data**.
* **$42.4 billion annual revenue** from their BlueKai data brokerage operations, selling personal profiles to advertisers and third parties without consent
* **2024**: Oracle forced to pay $115 million settlement after class action lawsuit led by privacy researchers Michael Katz-Lacabe (USA), Jennifer Golbeck (USA), and Johnny Ryan (Ireland).
<!--
- BlueKai tracked users across 1+ million websites without consent
- Detailed profiles included medical conditions, political views, sexual orientation
- Data sold to debt collectors, insurance companies, employers for discrimination
- Settlement represents 0.3% of Oracle's annual revenue - essentially cost of doing business
- Larry Ellison is 10th richest person globally ($114 billion net worth)
-->
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# Who's Fighting Back?
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# Digital Independence Success Stories
* **🇩🇪 Schleswig-Holstein**: Complete state migration to Linux and LibreOffice, ending Microsoft dependency
* **🇫🇷 Lyon**: 17,000 government computers migrated to Ubuntu, saving €2M annually in licensing costs
* **🇪🇸 Extremadura**: 200,000 students educated on Linux-based systems, creating digital literacy without vendor lock-in
* **🇮🇹 South Tyrol**: Government-wide OpenOffice deployment, demonstrating scalable alternatives
* **🇧🇷 Brazil**: Constitutional requirement for open standards in government systems
<!--
- Schleswig-Holstein migration affects 30,000 PCs, saves €10M+ annually
- Lyon's migration complete by 2026, includes teacher training programs
- Extremadura (2002-2009): world's largest educational FOSS deployment, inspired global movement
- South Tyrol (German-speaking Italy): bilingual government, chose FOSS for language neutrality
- Brazil Article 23 (2000): mandates open standards for government interoperability
-->
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# Who Controls Your Software?
## FOSS vs. "Open Source" vs. Proprietary
---
# Three Types of Software Explained
* **Proprietary Software:**
- Black box code, vendor control, only licenses
- Surveillance capabilities built-in
* **"Open Source" (Silicon Valley):**
- Source visible but corporate-controlled
- "Open washing" marketing tactics
* **Free & Open Source Software (FOSS):**
- Community governance, transparent code
- Privacy by default, no surveillance by design
<!--
- Richard Stallman founded FSF (1985) - "Free as in freedom, not free beer"
- Open Source Initiative (1998) dropped political aspects, focused on developer benefits
- "Open core" business model: free basic version, paid enterprise features
- Examples: Redis → Valkey fork when Redis went proprietary (2024)
- Four essential freedoms: use, study, modify, distribute
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# How to Gain Digital Autonomy
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# Your Liberation Toolkit
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| Category | Proprietary Tool | FOSS Alternative | Implementation Notes |
|----------|------------------|------------------|----------------------|
| **Communication** | WhatsApp | Signal | End-to-end encrypted, normie-friendly |
| | | Element (Matrix) | Decentralized protocol, tech-savvy users |
| | Twitter/X | Mastodon | ActivityPub federation, choose instance wisely |
| | Discord | Element/Matrix | Bridges available for Discord migration |
| **Web Browsing** | Chrome/Chromium | Firefox | Mozilla Foundation, privacy-focused |
| | | LibreWolf | Firefox without telemetry, hardened |
| | | Ladybird | Complete rebuild browser from scratch (summer 2026) |
| | Plugins | uBlock Origin, Privacy Badger etc. | Useful firefox/chromium extension for increased security |
| **Productivity** | Microsoft Office | LibreOffice | Full office suite, document compatibility |
| | Notion | Logseq | Local-first knowledge graphs |
| | Slack | Mattermost | Self-hosted team communication |
| **Video Conferencing** | MS Teams, Zoom | Jitsi Meet | Self-hostable, browser-based meetings |
<!--
- Signal funded by WhatsApp co-founder Brian Acton ($50M donation)
- Matrix protocol powers 50M+ users, bridges to proprietary networks
- Mastodon has 14M+ users across 20,000+ instances
- LibreWolf removes Mozilla telemetry, adds uBlock Origin by default
- Ladybird browser by SerenityOS creator, funded by GitHub co-founder
- LibreOffice can read/write Microsoft formats better than Google Docs
-->
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# Your Liberation Toolkit (continued)
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| Category | Proprietary Tool | FOSS Alternative | Implementation Notes |
|----------|------------------|------------------|----------------------|
| **Cloud & Storage** | Google Drive | Nextcloud | Complete cloud replacement |
| | Google Photos | Immich | Self-hosted photo management |
| | Dropbox | Syncthing | P2P file synchronization |
| **Media** | YouTube | PeerTube | Federated video hosting |
| | | NewPipe | Android app, no Google Services needed |
| **Email** | Gmail | Proton Mail | Swiss privacy laws protection |
| **Mobile OS** | Android (Google) | GrapheneOS | Pixel devices only, maximum security |
| | | LineageOS | Wider device support |
| **Desktop OS** | MS Windows | GNU/Linux | Hundreds of different distributions like Ubuntu, Arch etc. |
| | macOS | Asahi Linux | Apple Silicon Macs, experimental support |
<!--
- Nextcloud used by German government, French government, 400M+ users
- Immich offers Google Photos-like features: facial recognition, geolocation, AI tagging
- Syncthing: no central server, encrypted P2P sync across unlimited devices
- PeerTube federation: 600+ instances, ActivityPub compatible
- Proton based in Switzerland: strong privacy laws, outside Five Eyes jurisdiction
- GrapheneOS developed by security researchers, hardens Android kernel
-->
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# Trade-offs of Using FOSS
**Everything Comes with a Price:**
* **Binary Limitations**: Proprietary formats like .docx not easily editable or human-readable in simple text editors
* **Self-Responsibility**: No one to blame except yourself when things go sideways
* **Accessibility Over Polish**: "Not so smooth" interfaces, therefore highly accessible
* **Modular Solutions**: Rarely "All-in-One"-Solutions, mostly a potpourri of multiple solutions to meet your needs
* **Social Isolation**: Missing info/discrimination when avoiding mainstream platforms like WhatsApp/Instagram
<!--
- .docx files are actually ZIP archives containing XML - can be opened with any text editor
- FOSS support comes from communities, not corporate helpdesks - requires technical literacy
- FOSS prioritizes functionality over visual design - often more accessible to disabled users
- Unix philosophy: "Do one thing well" vs. proprietary "everything apps"
- Network effects: harder to organize events, social groups when everyone else uses WhatsApp
-->
---
# Your Roadmap to (Digital) Independence
* **1. Kyū (yellow belt 🟡):**
- Communication tools
- Web Browser & Search
- Office suite
* **2. Kyū (orange belt 🟠):**
- Operating system
- FOSS App Stores
- Publishing Systems
* **3. Kyū (green belt 🟢):**
- Cloud storage & Self-hosting
<!--
- Kyū (級) means "grade/rank" in Japanese martial arts - indicates progressive mastery
- Yellow belt: software you use daily, lowest friction changes
- Orange belt: deeper system changes, requires some technical comfort
- Green belt: infrastructure independence, highest technical requirements
- Each level builds on previous - don't skip ahead
-->
---
# Workshop Guide
* **Today's Focus:**
- Install FOSS onto your private device (PC/Smartphone)
- GNU/Linux (Operating System) hands-on exploration
- First terminal commands (optional)
* **Take Home:**
- Curated software recommendations
- Community connection for ongoing support
- Courage to break out from learned helplessness
<!--
- Live USB drives prepared for multiple Linux distributions
- Terminal commands: pwd, ls, cd, cat - basic file system navigation
- OSS Malta community provides ongoing local support network
- "Learned helplessness" reference to Martin Seligman's psychology research
- Each participant gets follow-up resources and migration timeline
-->
---
# Conclusions
## Digital Independence is Democratic Necessity
In Floridi's infosphere, our digital choices are political choices.
* **Today's Workshop**: Hands-on GNU/Linux exploration
* **Your Mission**: Begin your liberation journey
* **Our Goal**: Build digitally sovereign communities
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# References (1/3)
**Core Theory:**
- Floridi, L. (2014). *The Fourth Revolution: How the infosphere is reshaping human reality*. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199606726
**Digital Attacks & Surveillance:**
- Cadwalladr, C. & Graham-Harrison, E. (2018, March 17). Revealed: 50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach. *The Guardian*. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/cambridge-analytica-facebook-influence-us-election
- Wells, G., Horwitz, J., & Seetharaman, D. (2021, September 14). Facebook knows Instagram is toxic for teen girls, company documents show. *The Wall Street Journal*. https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-instagram-is-toxic-for-teen-girls-company-documents-show-11631620739
- Frenkel, S., Bergman, R. & Saad, H. (2024, September 18). How Israel Built a Modern-Day Trojan Horse: Exploding Pagers. *The New York Times*. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/18/world/middleeast/israel-exploding-pagers-hezbollah.html
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# References (2/3)
**Government FOSS Success Stories:**
- The Document Foundation (2024, April 4). German state moving 30,000 PCs to LibreOffice. https://blog.documentfoundation.org/blog/2024/04/04/german-state-moving-30000-pcs-to-libreoffice/
- Gascó, M. (2003). New technologies and institutional change in public administration. *Social Science Computer Review*, 21(1), 6-14. [Extremadura case study]
- Camara, G. & Fonseca, F. (2007). Information policies and open source software in developing countries. *Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology*, 58(1), 121-132. [Brazil open standards]
- OECD (2022), Open Government Review of Brazil: Towards an Integrated Open Government Agenda, OECD Public Governance Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/3f9009d4-en.
**Digital Democracy Platforms:**
- Aragón, P., et al. (2017). Deliberative Platform Design: The Case Study of the Online Discussions in Decidim Barcelona. *Social Science Computer Review*, 39(6), 1139-1162. https://decidim.barcelona/
- vTaiwan Project Documentation. (2023). Digital Minister of Taiwan. https://vtaiwan.tw/
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# References (3/3)
**Infrastructure & Surveillance Systems:**
- Kotka, T., Vargas, C.A. & Korjus, K. (2015). Estonia's blockchain-based e-Residency program. *Computer*, 48(9), 106-108. [X-Road infrastructure]
- Greenwald, G. (2014). *No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State*. Metropolitan Books. [PRISM program]
- Liang, F., et al. (2018). Constructing a datadriven society: China's social credit system as a state surveillance infrastructure. *Policy & Internet*, 10(4), 415-453.
---
# Questions & Discussion
**Additional Resources:**
- Open Source Alternative Directory: https://www.opensourcealternative.to/
- OSS Malta Community: https://ossmalta.eu/
- Presentation Materials: https://dailysh.it/malta
- Contact: malta@dailysh.it
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# Digital Independence Day - Workshop
## Part 2: Hands-On Exploration
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# 1. Kyū
## yellow belt 🟡
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<!--
- uBlock Origin blocks ads, trackers, malware across 400M+ devices
- Chrome Web Store removed it due to Manifest V3 - forcing users to Firefox
- Saves 40% bandwidth, 60% faster page loads, extends battery life
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- LibreWolf removes Mozilla telemetry, adds privacy hardening by default
- Based on Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) - more stable than regular Firefox
- Pre-configured with uBlock Origin, strict privacy settings, no pocket integration
-->
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<!--
- LibreOffice handles Microsoft formats better than Google Docs/Office 365
- Document Foundation supported by German government, French government
- Writer, Calc, Impress equivalent to Word, Excel, PowerPoint
- Saves files in OpenDocument Format (ODF) - ISO standard since 2006
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# 2. Kyū
## orange belt 🟠
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<!--
- F-Droid: repository of 4,000+ FOSS Android apps
- All apps built from source code, verified no tracking/ads
- Guardian Project apps: secure communications for activists, journalists
- Alternative to Google Play Store - no Google account required
-->
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# 3. Kyū
## green belt 🟢
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<!--
- Self-hosted cloud infrastructure - complete independence from Big Tech
- Nextcloud provides file sync, calendar, contacts, collaborative editing
- Can be installed on home server, VPS, or shared hosting
- European providers offer Nextcloud hosting under GDPR protection
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