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Author SHA1 Message Date
libretech f9185d25e0 add functionality to disable topics in course index and improve layout 2026-02-02 02:28:06 +01:00
libretech 4f3b680951 add build and deploy targets for klausurfragen 2026-02-02 01:20:33 +01:00
libretech a2b1c0484a update klausurfragen.md to improve visibility and clarify title 2026-02-02 01:13:31 +01:00
libretech 1480d31a54 refactor klausurfragen.md to use gender-neutral language and improve clarity 2026-02-01 22:38:14 +01:00
libretech 514896db33 update flake.nix to allow unfree packages and add claude-code dependency 2026-02-01 22:38:02 +01:00
libretech b21e2394d5 fix layout and add disabled state for slides 2026-02-01 22:27:26 +01:00
libretech 7da018d92c add klausurfragen for 223015c 2026-02-01 18:21:01 +01:00
libretech 9e12447528 rebuild dev and build system with single marp server
- simplify development: single marp server on port 3000 instead of 3 processes
- rename klausur to klausurfolien for better naming
- update extract script to use 00-intro.md as template when no 01-*.md exists
- update makefile and package.json for new workflow
- add comprehensive AGENTS.md guidelines
2026-02-01 18:17:51 +01:00
13 changed files with 2680 additions and 2355 deletions

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# AGENTS.md - Agent Guidelines for HdM Slides
This file contains comprehensive guidelines for agentic coding agents working on the HdM Slides project.
## Project Overview
This project builds presentation decks for Marp, supporting multiple courses:
- **223015b** - Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien (6 Kapitel)
- **223015c** - Internettechnologien (3 Kapitel)
## Development Workflow
### Build Commands
```bash
# Development
make dev # Start single dev server on port 3000
npm run dev # Alternative command for development server
# Build
make build # Build all courses (HTML + PDF)
make build-b # Build 223015b only
make build-c # Build 223015c only
make html # HTML only builds
make pdf # PDF only builds
# Klausur Folien
make klausur # Extract klausurfolien for all courses
make klausur-b # Extract klausurfolien for 223015b
make klausur-c # Extract klausurfolien for 223015c
# Deployment
make deploy # Deploy all courses (requires explicit permission)
make deploy-b # Deploy 223015b only
make deploy-c # Deploy 223015c only
# Utilities
make qr URL=... # Generate QR code
make optimize-images COURSE=223015b # Resize images
make clean # Remove generated files
```
### Testing
No specific test framework is used. To validate changes:
1. Start dev server: `make dev`
2. Open http://localhost:3000/223015b/ or /223015c/
3. Verify slides render correctly
4. Run `make build` to ensure no build errors
5. Check generated files in `build/` directory
## Code Style Guidelines
### File Structure
- Slides in `slides/<course>/` following naming pattern `NN-topic.md`
- Assets in `slides/<course>/assets/`
- Always reference images as `./assets/filename.png`
- Scripts in `scripts/`
- Themes in `themes/`
- Generated output in `build/` (gitignored)
### Naming Conventions
- Slide files: `NN-topic.md` (e.g., `01-grundlagen.md`, `02-bilder.md`)
- Images: `snake_case.jpg` or `kebab-case.jpg`
- Klausur files: `klausurfolien.md` (auto-generated)
- Function names in scripts: `snake_case`
- Variable names in scripts: `snake_case`
### Markdown Style
- Use ATX-style headers (`# ## ###`)
- YAML frontmatter for slide metadata at top of each file
- Never include a final `---` (creates empty slide)
- Use `<!-- _class: klausur -->` for exam-relevant slides
- Use relative paths for assets: `./assets/image.png`
### Script Style
- Use `#!/usr/bin/env bash` shebang
- Use `set -e` for error handling
- Use `2>/dev/null || true` for optional operations
- Define variables in UPPER_CASE at script top
- Use colors for terminal output: `\033[0;32m` etc.
### Git Workflow
- Commit messages: ALWAYS lowercase
- NEVER add co-authoring lines or generated footers
- Follow semantic naming: "add-...", "fix-...", "update-..."
- Commit changes to scripts, Makefile, documentation separately from slide content
## Agent Restrictions
### Security
- NEVER run commands outside `/home/mwc/Coding/hdm` folder
- NEVER run build/deploy commands without explicit user request
- NEVER run deploy commands (make deploy, scp, etc.) without explicit permission
### File Protection
Slide files in `slides/*/*.md` are main content files:
- **ALLOWED**: Adding slides, adjusting content, fixing typos, enhancing sections
- **FORBIDDEN** (without permission): Deleting slides, removing sections, bulk deletions
- Before ANY deletion: ALWAYS ask user for confirmation
### Klausur Handling
- Klausur files (`klausurfolien.md`) are auto-generated
- NEVER edit klausurfolien.md files directly
- To update klausurfolien: edit source slides with `<!-- _class: klausur -->` markers
- Run `make klausur` to regenerate
## Development Patterns
### Adding New Slides
1. Create new file following `NN-topic.md` pattern
2. Copy frontmatter from existing slides in the same course
3. Update Makefile `_KAPITEL` variable if needed
4. Test with `make dev`
### Modifying Existing Slides
1. Edit the appropriate markdown file in `slides/<course>/`
2. Maintain consistent styling with course theme
3. Preserve image paths as `./assets/...`
4. Test changes with dev server
### Working with Assets
1. Place images in `slides/<course>/assets/`
2. Use descriptive names: `diagram-network.jpg`, `example-code.png`
3. Optimize with `make optimize-images COURSE=223015b`
4. Reference as `./assets/filename.ext`
### Course-Specific Configuration
Each course has specific settings in Makefile:
- Course name and title
- Kapitel list (slide files)
- Deploy path
- Theme colors (in generate-index.sh)
## Common Tasks
### Debugging Build Issues
1. Check Makefile syntax: `make -n build`
2. Verify Marp CLI installation: `npx @marp-team/marp-cli --version`
3. Check file permissions: `ls -la slides/`
4. Validate markdown syntax with dev server
### Updating Course Structure
1. Update `_KAPITEL` variables in Makefile
2. Ensure slide files follow naming convention
3. Update course-specific themes if needed
4. Test both dev and build processes
### Working with Themes
- Custom theme in `themes/custom-theme.css`
- Course themes defined in individual slide frontmatter
- Use consistent color schemes per course
- Test theme changes across all slides
## Deployment Process
Deployment to production server requires explicit permission:
1. Build process: `make build` (HTML + PDF)
2. Index generation: automatically handled
3. Deploy to remote server via SCP
4. Root index deployment
**IMPORTANT**: Never run deployment commands without explicit user permission.
## Tools and Dependencies
### Core Dependencies
- Marp CLI for slide rendering
- Bash scripts for automation
- Make for build orchestration
- Git for version control
### Optional Tools
- qrencode for QR generation (via nix)
- ImageMagick for image optimization
- Python 3 for simple HTTP server (legacy)
## Testing Strategy
Since there's no formal test suite:
1. Manual testing with dev server
2. Build process validation
3. Slide rendering checks
4. Asset path verification
5. Cross-browser compatibility checks (important)
## Troubleshooting
### Common Issues
- **Port conflicts**: Use `make dev-kill` to clean up processes
- **Build failures**: Check file permissions and Marp CLI installation
- **Asset loading**: Verify relative paths and file existence
- **Deploy issues**: Check SSH keys and remote permissions
### Getting Help
1. Check this AGENTS.md file first
2. Review Makefile targets and scripts
3. Test changes incrementally
4. Maintain backup of working configurations
+29 -29
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@@ -1,25 +1,19 @@
# HdM Slides - Unified Makefile # HdM Slides - Unified Makefile
# Supports multiple courses: 223015b (Dateiformate) and 223015c (Internettechnik) # Supports multiple courses: 223015b (Dateiformate) and 223015c (Internettechnik)
.PHONY: help dev dev-b dev-c build build-b build-c pdf html klausur clean install deploy qr optimize-images .PHONY: help dev dev-b dev-c build build-b build-c pdf html klausur clean install deploy qr optimize-images klausurfragen build-klausurfragen deploy-klausurfragen
# Course configuration # Course configuration
COURSES = 223015b 223015c COURSES = 223015b 223015c
SLIDES_DIR = slides SLIDES_DIR = slides
# Port configuration (index starts at BASE_PORT, courses increment from there)
BASE_PORT = 1310
INDEX_PORT = $(BASE_PORT)
# Course-specific settings # Course-specific settings
223015b_NAME = Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien 223015b_NAME = Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien
223015b_PORT = 1311 223015b_KAPITEL = 00-intro 01-grundlagen-text-audio 02-bild-audio-video 03-speichermedien-schnittstellen 04-distribution-apis-zukunft 05-vertiefung-offene-fragen klausurfolien
223015b_KAPITEL = 00-intro 01-grundlagen-text-audio 02-bild-audio-video 03-speichermedien-schnittstellen 04-distribution-apis-zukunft 05-vertiefung-offene-fragen klausur
223015b_DEPLOY_PATH = /home/tengo/html/hdm/223015b 223015b_DEPLOY_PATH = /home/tengo/html/hdm/223015b
223015c_NAME = Internettechnologien 223015c_NAME = Internettechnologien
223015c_PORT = 1312 223015c_KAPITEL = 01-geschichte-grundlagen-html 02-netzwerke-protokolle-css 03-interaktivitaet-javascript klausurfolien
223015c_KAPITEL = 01-geschichte-grundlagen-html 02-netzwerke-protokolle-css 03-interaktivitaet-javascript klausur
223015c_DEPLOY_PATH = /home/tengo/html/hdm/223015c 223015c_DEPLOY_PATH = /home/tengo/html/hdm/223015c
DEPLOY_HOST = tengo@tuttle.uberspace.de DEPLOY_HOST = tengo@tuttle.uberspace.de
@@ -33,9 +27,7 @@ help:
@echo " 223015c - Internettechnologien" @echo " 223015c - Internettechnologien"
@echo "" @echo ""
@echo "Development:" @echo "Development:"
@echo " make dev - Both servers + index (ports 1311, 1312, 1313)" @echo " make dev - Start development server (port 3000)"
@echo " make dev-b - Dev server for 223015b (port 1312)"
@echo " make dev-c - Dev server for 223015c (port 1313)"
@echo "" @echo ""
@echo "Build:" @echo "Build:"
@echo " make build - Build all courses" @echo " make build - Build all courses"
@@ -43,7 +35,7 @@ help:
@echo " make build-c - Build 223015c only" @echo " make build-c - Build 223015c only"
@echo " make pdf - Export all to PDF" @echo " make pdf - Export all to PDF"
@echo " make html - Export all to HTML" @echo " make html - Export all to HTML"
@echo " make klausur - Extract klausur slides" @echo " make klausur - Extract klausurfolien slides"
@echo "" @echo ""
@echo "Tools:" @echo "Tools:"
@echo " make qr URL=... - Generate QR code for URL" @echo " make qr URL=... - Generate QR code for URL"
@@ -63,25 +55,14 @@ build/.exists:
@mkdir -p build/223015b build/223015c @mkdir -p build/223015b build/223015c
@touch $@ @touch $@
# Development servers # Development server
dev: dev:
@./scripts/dev-server.sh @./scripts/dev-server.sh
dev-kill: dev-kill:
@-pkill -f "python3 -m http.server" 2>/dev/null || true
@-pkill -f "marp-cli.*--server" 2>/dev/null || true @-pkill -f "marp-cli.*--server" 2>/dev/null || true
@sleep 0.5 @sleep 0.5
dev-b:
@echo "Starting 223015b dev server on port $(223015b_PORT)..."
@echo "Open: http://localhost:$(223015b_PORT)"
PORT=$(223015b_PORT) npx @marp-team/marp-cli --server $(SLIDES_DIR)/223015b/
dev-c:
@echo "Starting 223015c dev server on port $(223015c_PORT)..."
@echo "Open: http://localhost:$(223015c_PORT)"
PORT=$(223015c_PORT) npx @marp-team/marp-cli --server $(SLIDES_DIR)/223015c/
# Build functions # Build functions
define build_course define build_course
@echo "Building $(1)..." @echo "Building $(1)..."
@@ -104,7 +85,18 @@ build-b: build/.exists
build-c: build/.exists build-c: build/.exists
$(call build_course,223015c) $(call build_course,223015c)
build: build-b build-c build-klausurfragen: build/.exists
@echo "Building klausurfragen..."
@mkdir -p build
@if [ -f "$(SLIDES_DIR)/klausurfragen.md" ]; then \
echo " Building klausurfragen.md..."; \
npx @marp-team/marp-cli "$(SLIDES_DIR)/klausurfragen.md" -o build/klausurfragen.html; \
npx @marp-team/marp-cli "$(SLIDES_DIR)/klausurfragen.md" --pdf --allow-local-files -o build/klausurfragen.pdf; \
else \
echo " Skipping: $(SLIDES_DIR)/klausurfragen.md not found"; \
fi
build: build-b build-c build-klausurfragen
@echo "All courses built!" @echo "All courses built!"
# HTML only builds # HTML only builds
@@ -158,7 +150,7 @@ klausur-c:
@./scripts/extract-klausur.sh 223015c @./scripts/extract-klausur.sh 223015c
klausur: klausur-b klausur-c klausur: klausur-b klausur-c
@echo "Klausur slides extracted for all courses!" @echo "Klausurfolien slides extracted for all courses!"
# QR Code generation (uses nix-shell) # QR Code generation (uses nix-shell)
qr: qr:
@@ -198,7 +190,8 @@ HDM_DEPLOY_PATH = /home/tengo/html/hdm
build-index: build/.exists build-index: build/.exists
@echo "Building root index..." @echo "Building root index..."
@echo '<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="de"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>HdM Vorlesungen</title><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Display","Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;padding:3rem 1.5rem;background:#fafafa;color:#1d1d1f;line-height:1.5}h1{font-size:2rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-0.02em;margin-bottom:.5rem}.subtitle{color:#86868b;font-size:1rem}.courses{margin-top:2rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem}a.course{display:block;background:#fff;border-radius:12px;padding:1.5rem;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);transition:all .2s ease;cursor:pointer}a.course:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.12)}.course-label{font-size:.7rem;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em}.course-b .course-label{color:#1e5f8a}.course-c .course-label{color:#d63384}.course-title{font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:500;color:#1d1d1f;margin:.25rem 0}.course-info{font-size:.85rem;color:#86868b}.section-title{font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;color:#86868b;margin-top:2.5rem;margin-bottom:.75rem}.references{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem}footer{margin-top:2.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid #e5e5e7;color:#86868b;font-size:.85rem}footer a{color:#1d1d1f;text-decoration:none}footer a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.qr-section{margin-top:2.5rem;padding:1.5rem;background:#fff;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);text-align:center}.qr-code{width:100%;height:auto}.qr-url{margin-top:.75rem;font-size:.85rem;color:#86868b}</style></head><body><h1>HdM Vorlesungen</h1><p class="subtitle">Wintersemester 2025/26 · Michael Czechowski</p><div class="courses"><a class="course course-b" href="223015b/"><span class="course-label">223015b</span><div class="course-title">Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege</div><span class="course-info">6 Kapitel · Modul "Technik 1"</span></a><a class="course course-c" href="223015c/"><span class="course-label">223015c</span><div class="course-title">Grundlagen IT- und Internettechnik</div><span class="course-info">3 Kapitel · Modul "Technik 1"</span></a></div><h2 class="section-title">Referenzen</h2><div class="references"><a class="course" href="https://codecrispi.es/"><span class="course-label">Plattform</span><div class="course-title">Code Crispies</div><span class="course-info">Selbstlernplattform</span></a></div><div class="qr-section"><img src="qr-root.svg" alt="QR Code" class="qr-code"><p class="qr-url">https://librete.ch/hdm/</p></div><footer><a href="mailto:mail@librete.ch">Kontakt</a></footer></body></html>' > build/index.html @mkdir -p build
@./scripts/generate-root-index.sh
# Deploy # Deploy
define deploy_course define deploy_course
@@ -217,13 +210,20 @@ deploy-b: build-b
deploy-c: build-c deploy-c: build-c
$(call deploy_course,223015c) $(call deploy_course,223015c)
# Deploy klausurfragen (root-level page)
deploy-klausurfragen: build-klausurfragen
@echo "Deploying klausurfragen..."
@scp build/klausurfragen.html $(DEPLOY_HOST):$(HDM_DEPLOY_PATH)/ 2>/dev/null || true
@scp build/klausurfragen.pdf $(DEPLOY_HOST):$(HDM_DEPLOY_PATH)/ 2>/dev/null || true
@echo "klausurfragen deployed!"
deploy-index: build-index deploy-index: build-index
@echo "Deploying root index..." @echo "Deploying root index..."
scp build/index.html $(DEPLOY_HOST):$(HDM_DEPLOY_PATH)/ scp build/index.html $(DEPLOY_HOST):$(HDM_DEPLOY_PATH)/
scp build/qr-root.svg $(DEPLOY_HOST):$(HDM_DEPLOY_PATH)/ 2>/dev/null || true scp build/qr-root.svg $(DEPLOY_HOST):$(HDM_DEPLOY_PATH)/ 2>/dev/null || true
@echo "Root index deployed!" @echo "Root index deployed!"
deploy: build-index deploy-b deploy-c deploy-index deploy: build-index deploy-b deploy-c deploy-klausurfragen deploy-index
@echo "All courses deployed!" @echo "All courses deployed!"
# Clean # Clean
+8 -6
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@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ build/ # Generated output (gitignored)
## Development ## Development
```bash ```bash
# Start dev servers (hot reload) # Start development server (hot reload)
make dev # All courses + index make dev # Single server for all courses (port 3000)
make dev-b # 223015b only (port 1311)
make dev-c # 223015c only (port 1312) # Access individual courses:
# 223015b: http://localhost:3000/223015b/
# 223015c: http://localhost:3000/223015c/
``` ```
## Build ## Build
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ make html # HTML only
make pdf # PDF only make pdf # PDF only
``` ```
## Klausur Slides ## Klausur Folien
Extract exam-relevant slides (marked with `<!-- _class: klausur -->`) into a single file: Extract exam-relevant slides (marked with `<!-- _class: klausur -->`) into a single file:
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ make klausur-b # 223015b only
make klausur-c # 223015c only make klausur-c # 223015c only
``` ```
Output: `slides/<course>/klausur.md` Output: `slides/<course>/klausurfolien.md`
The generated file includes: The generated file includes:
- A title slide per kapitel for orientation - A title slide per kapitel for orientation
+3 -1
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@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils }: outputs = { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils }:
flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system: flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
let let
pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}; pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; config.allowUnfree = true; };
# QR code generator script # QR code generator script
qr-gen = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "qr" '' qr-gen = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "qr" ''
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@
qrencode qrencode
imagemagick imagemagick
gnumake gnumake
claude-code
]; ];
shellHook = '' shellHook = ''
+3 -2
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@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
"version": "1.0.0", "version": "1.0.0",
"description": "HdM Stuttgart - Lecture Slides (Marp)", "description": "HdM Stuttgart - Lecture Slides (Marp)",
"scripts": { "scripts": {
"dev:b": "PORT=1312 marp --server --allow-local-files courses/223015b/slides/", "dev": "PORT=3000 marp --server --allow-local-files slides/",
"dev:c": "PORT=1313 marp --server --allow-local-files courses/223015c/slides/",
"build": "make build", "build": "make build",
"build:b": "make build-b", "build:b": "make build-b",
"build:c": "make build-c", "build:c": "make build-c",
"pdf": "make pdf", "pdf": "make pdf",
"html": "make html", "html": "make html",
"klausur": "make klausur",
"deploy": "make deploy",
"test": "echo \"No tests specified\" && exit 0" "test": "echo \"No tests specified\" && exit 0"
}, },
"keywords": ["marp", "slides", "hdm", "lectures"], "keywords": ["marp", "slides", "hdm", "lectures"],
+20 -73
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@@ -1,106 +1,53 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash #!/usr/bin/env bash
# Development server script for HdM slides # Simplified development server for HdM slides
# Starts index server + marp servers for each course # Starts single Marp server for all courses
set -e set -e
# Configuration # Configuration
INDEX_PORT=1310
COURSE_B_PORT=1311
COURSE_C_PORT=1312
SLIDES_DIR="slides" SLIDES_DIR="slides"
DEV_INDEX_DIR=".dev-index" DEV_PORT=3000
# Colors # Colors
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m' GREEN='\033[0;32m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m' BLUE='\033[0;34m'
RED='\033[0;31m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color NC='\033[0m' # No Color
# Cleanup function # Cleanup function
cleanup() { cleanup() {
echo -e "\n${RED}Shutting down servers...${NC}" echo -e "\n${RED}Shutting down dev server...${NC}"
kill $PID_INDEX $PID_B $PID_C 2>/dev/null || true pkill -f "marp-cli.*--server" 2>/dev/null || true
exit 0 exit 0
} }
# Kill existing processes on our ports # Kill existing processes on our port
kill_existing() { kill_existing() {
echo -e "${BLUE}Cleaning up existing processes...${NC}" echo -e "${BLUE}Cleaning up existing processes...${NC}"
# Kill marp processes first
pkill -9 -f "marp-cli" 2>/dev/null || true pkill -9 -f "marp-cli" 2>/dev/null || true
pkill -f "python3 -m http.server" 2>/dev/null || true fuser -k $DEV_PORT/tcp 2>/dev/null || true
# Kill ports including marp's WebSocket ports (37717-37720 range) sleep 1
fuser -k $INDEX_PORT/tcp $COURSE_B_PORT/tcp $COURSE_C_PORT/tcp 2>/dev/null || true
fuser -k 37717/tcp 37718/tcp 37719/tcp 37720/tcp 2>/dev/null || true
sleep 2
}
# Generate dev index
generate_index() {
mkdir -p "$DEV_INDEX_DIR"
cat > "$DEV_INDEX_DIR/index.html" << 'EOF'
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="de">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>HdM Slides - Dev</title>
<style>
*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}
body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Display","Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;padding:3rem 1.5rem;background:#fafafa;color:#1d1d1f;line-height:1.5}
h1{font-size:2rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-0.02em;margin-bottom:.5rem}
.subtitle{color:#86868b;font-size:1rem}
.courses{margin-top:2rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem}
a.course{display:block;background:#fff;border-radius:12px;padding:1.5rem;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);transition:all .2s ease;cursor:pointer}
a.course:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.12)}
.course-label{font-size:.7rem;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em}
.course-b .course-label{color:#1e5f8a}
.course-c .course-label{color:#d63384}
.course-title{font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:500;color:#1d1d1f;margin:.25rem 0}
.course-info{font-size:.85rem;color:#86868b}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HdM Slides</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Development Server</p>
<div class="courses">
EOF
echo " <a class=\"course course-b\" href=\"http://localhost:$COURSE_B_PORT\"><span class=\"course-label\">223015b</span><div class=\"course-title\">Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege</div><span class=\"course-info\">Port $COURSE_B_PORT</span></a>" >> "$DEV_INDEX_DIR/index.html"
echo " <a class=\"course course-c\" href=\"http://localhost:$COURSE_C_PORT\"><span class=\"course-label\">223015c</span><div class=\"course-title\">Grundlagen IT- und Internettechnik</div><span class=\"course-info\">Port $COURSE_C_PORT</span></a>" >> "$DEV_INDEX_DIR/index.html"
cat >> "$DEV_INDEX_DIR/index.html" << 'EOF'
</div>
</body>
</html>
EOF
} }
# Main # Main
trap cleanup SIGINT SIGTERM trap cleanup SIGINT SIGTERM
kill_existing kill_existing
generate_index
echo -e "${GREEN}Starting development servers...${NC}" echo -e "${GREEN}Starting development server...${NC}"
echo "" echo ""
echo -e " Index: ${BLUE}http://localhost:$INDEX_PORT${NC}" echo -e " Server: ${BLUE}http://localhost:$DEV_PORT${NC}"
echo -e " 223015b: ${BLUE}http://localhost:$COURSE_B_PORT${NC}" echo -e " Slides: ${BLUE}$SLIDES_DIR/${NC}"
echo -e " 223015c: ${BLUE}http://localhost:$COURSE_C_PORT${NC}"
echo "" echo ""
echo -e "Press ${RED}Ctrl+C${NC} to stop all servers" echo -e "Available courses:"
echo -e " 223015b: ${BLUE}http://localhost:$DEV_PORT/223015b/${NC}"
echo -e " 223015c: ${BLUE}http://localhost:$DEV_PORT/223015c/${NC}"
echo ""
echo -e "Press ${RED}Ctrl+C${NC} to stop the server"
echo "" echo ""
# Start servers # Start single Marp server for all slides
python3 -m http.server $INDEX_PORT --directory "$DEV_INDEX_DIR" & PORT=$DEV_PORT npx @marp-team/marp-cli --server "$SLIDES_DIR/"
PID_INDEX=$!
PORT=$COURSE_B_PORT npx @marp-team/marp-cli --server "$SLIDES_DIR/223015b/" & # Wait for process to exit
PID_B=$!
sleep 3 # Stagger starts to avoid WebSocket port collision
PORT=$COURSE_C_PORT npx @marp-team/marp-cli --server "$SLIDES_DIR/223015c/" &
PID_C=$!
# Wait for any process to exit
wait wait
+6 -6
View File
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash #!/usr/bin/env bash
# Extract klausur-relevant slides from all kapitel # Extract klausur-relevant slides from all kapitel
# Usage: ./extract-klausur.sh <course_id> # Usage: ./extract-klausur.sh <course_id>
# Output: slides/<course>/klausur.md # Output: slides/<course>/klausurfolien.md
set -e set -e
COURSE="${1:-223015b}" COURSE="${1:-223015b}"
SLIDES_DIR="slides/$COURSE" SLIDES_DIR="slides/$COURSE"
OUTPUT_FILE="$SLIDES_DIR/klausur.md" OUTPUT_FILE="$SLIDES_DIR/klausurfolien.md"
# Find the first kapitel file (01-*.md) to copy styles from # Find the first kapitel file (00-intro.md or 01-*.md) to copy styles from
FIRST_KAPITEL=$(ls "$SLIDES_DIR"/01-*.md 2>/dev/null | head -1) FIRST_KAPITEL=$(ls "$SLIDES_DIR"/00-intro.md "$SLIDES_DIR"/01-*.md 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [[ -z "$FIRST_KAPITEL" ]]; then if [[ -z "$FIRST_KAPITEL" ]]; then
echo "Error: No 01-*.md file found in $SLIDES_DIR" echo "Error: No 00-intro.md or 01-*.md file found in $SLIDES_DIR"
exit 1 exit 1
fi fi
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ awk '
' "$FIRST_KAPITEL" >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" ' "$FIRST_KAPITEL" >> "$OUTPUT_FILE"
# Process each kapitel file in order - extract klausur slides only # Process each kapitel file in order - extract klausur slides only
for md_file in $(ls "$SLIDES_DIR"/[0-9][0-9]-*.md 2>/dev/null | grep -v klausur | sort); do for md_file in $(ls "$SLIDES_DIR"/[0-9][0-9]-*.md 2>/dev/null | grep -v klausurfolien | sort); do
filename=$(basename "$md_file") filename=$(basename "$md_file")
kapitel_num=$(echo "$filename" | grep -oE '^[0-9]+' | sed 's/^0*//') kapitel_num=$(echo "$filename" | grep -oE '^[0-9]+' | sed 's/^0*//')
+116 -20
View File
@@ -42,6 +42,15 @@ TOPIC_MAP["geschichte-grundlagen-html"]="Geschichte, Grundlagen & HTML"
TOPIC_MAP["netzwerke-protokolle-css"]="Netzwerke, Protokolle & CSS" TOPIC_MAP["netzwerke-protokolle-css"]="Netzwerke, Protokolle & CSS"
TOPIC_MAP["interaktivitaet-javascript"]="Interaktivität & JavaScript" TOPIC_MAP["interaktivitaet-javascript"]="Interaktivität & JavaScript"
# Configure which topics should appear disabled per course
# Two modes: fully disabled (non-clickable card) and buttons-disabled (link remains clickable, buttons are disabled)
declare -A DISABLED_FULL
declare -A DISABLED_BUTTONS
# For course B: chapters 3,4,5 should be fully disabled
DISABLED_FULL["223015b"]="speichermedien-schnittstellen distribution-apis-zukunft vertiefung-offene-fragen"
# For course C: chapter 3 should keep link clickable but buttons disabled
DISABLED_BUTTONS["223015c"]="interaktivitaet-javascript"
cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
<!DOCTYPE html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="de"> <html lang="de">
@@ -61,6 +70,15 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
line-height: 1.5; line-height: 1.5;
} }
header { margin-bottom: 2rem; } header { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.breadcrumb {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.breadcrumb a {
color: #86868b;
text-decoration: none;
}
.breadcrumb a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
h1 { h1 {
font-size: 1.75rem; font-size: 1.75rem;
font-weight: 600; font-weight: 600;
@@ -68,6 +86,12 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
color: $ACCENT_COLOR; color: $ACCENT_COLOR;
} }
.course-heading {
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: 500;
color: #1d1d1f;
margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.subtitle { .subtitle {
color: #86868b; color: #86868b;
font-size: 0.95rem; font-size: 0.95rem;
@@ -77,7 +101,8 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
font-size: 0.875rem; font-size: 0.875rem;
margin-top: 0.25rem; margin-top: 0.25rem;
} }
.kapitel { /* Use the .termine wrapper and add a gap between cards */
.termine {
margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-top: 1.5rem;
display: flex; display: flex;
flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column;
@@ -93,6 +118,7 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto auto; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto auto;
align-items: center; align-items: center;
gap: 1rem; gap: 1rem;
padding: 0; /* inner padding handled by kapitel-link */
} }
.kapitel-card:hover { .kapitel-card:hover {
transform: translateY(-2px); transform: translateY(-2px);
@@ -105,6 +131,8 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
color: inherit; color: inherit;
grid-column: 1; grid-column: 1;
} }
/* Disabled look: dim the entire card and prevent pointer events */
.kapitel-card.disabled { opacity: 0.6; pointer-events: none; }
.kapitel-label { .kapitel-label {
font-size: 0.7rem; font-size: 0.7rem;
font-weight: 600; font-weight: 600;
@@ -135,11 +163,11 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
white-space: nowrap; white-space: nowrap;
position: relative; position: relative;
z-index: 1; z-index: 1;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
} }
.btn-slides { .btn-slides {
background: $ACCENT_COLOR; background: $ACCENT_COLOR;
color: #fff; color: #fff;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
} }
.btn-slides:hover { .btn-slides:hover {
filter: brightness(1.1); filter: brightness(1.1);
@@ -147,9 +175,9 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
.btn-pdf { .btn-pdf {
background: #f5f5f7; background: #f5f5f7;
color: #1d1d1f; color: #1d1d1f;
margin-right: 1rem;
} }
.btn-pdf:hover { background: #e8e8ed; } .btn-pdf:hover { background: #e8e8ed; }
.btn-disabled { opacity: 0.6; pointer-events: none; }
/* Make entire card clickable via overlay */ /* Make entire card clickable via overlay */
.kapitel-link::after { .kapitel-link::after {
content: ''; content: '';
@@ -198,7 +226,9 @@ cat > "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << HEADER
</head> </head>
<body> <body>
<header> <header>
<h1>$TITLE</h1> <p class="breadcrumb"><a href="../">← Kursübersicht</a></p>
<h1>HdM Vorlesungen</h1>
<h2 class="course-heading">$TITLE</h2>
<p class="subtitle">$SUBTITLE</p> <p class="subtitle">$SUBTITLE</p>
<p class="meta">HdM Stuttgart · Wintersemester 2025/26 · Michael Czechowski</p> <p class="meta">HdM Stuttgart · Wintersemester 2025/26 · Michael Czechowski</p>
</header> </header>
@@ -216,7 +246,7 @@ for html in $(ls "$BUILD_DIR"/[0-9][0-9]-*.html 2>/dev/null | sort); do
# Look up nice topic name or fallback # Look up nice topic name or fallback
topic="${TOPIC_MAP[$topic_raw]}" topic="${TOPIC_MAP[$topic_raw]}"
if [[ -z "$topic" ]]; then if [[ -z "$topic" ]]; then
topic=$(echo "$topic_raw" | sed 's/-/ /g' | sed 's/.*/\u&/') topic=$(echo "$topic_raw" | sed 's/-/ /g' | sed 's/.*/\\u&/')
fi fi
# Handle kapitel number # Handle kapitel number
@@ -228,42 +258,108 @@ for html in $(ls "$BUILD_DIR"/[0-9][0-9]-*.html 2>/dev/null | sort); do
pdf_filename="${filename%.html}.pdf" pdf_filename="${filename%.html}.pdf"
# Check if PDF exists # Determine whether this topic is configured as disabled for this course
disabled_full=false
disabled_buttons=false
for t in ${DISABLED_FULL["$COURSE"]}; do
if [[ "$topic_raw" == "$t" ]]; then
disabled_full=true
break
fi
done
if [[ "$disabled_full" == false ]]; then
for t in ${DISABLED_BUTTONS["$COURSE"]}; do
if [[ "$topic_raw" == "$t" ]]; then
disabled_buttons=true
break
fi
done
fi
# Decide card class
card_class="kapitel-card"
if [[ "$disabled_full" == true ]] || [[ "$disabled_buttons" == true ]]; then
card_class="$card_class disabled"
fi
# Build link/button HTML depending on disabled state
if [[ "$disabled_full" == true ]]; then
# non-interactive card (visually dimmed and not clickable)
link_html="<div class=\"kapitel-link\"><div class=\"kapitel-label\">$kapitel_label</div><div class=\"kapitel-title\">$topic</div></div>"
slides_html="<span class=\"btn btn-slides btn-disabled\">Folien</span>"
pdf_html=""
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/$pdf_filename" ]]; then
pdf_html="<span class=\"btn btn-pdf btn-disabled\">PDF</span>"
fi
elif [[ "$disabled_buttons" == true ]]; then
# link stays clickable, but buttons are disabled; card appears dimmed
link_html="<a href=\"$filename\" class=\"kapitel-link\"><div class=\"kapitel-label\">$kapitel_label</div><div class=\"kapitel-title\">$topic</div></a>"
slides_html="<span class=\"btn btn-slides btn-disabled\">Folien</span>"
pdf_html=""
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/$pdf_filename" ]]; then
pdf_html="<span class=\"btn btn-pdf btn-disabled\">PDF</span>"
fi
else
# normal interactive card
pdf_link="" pdf_link=""
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/$pdf_filename" ]]; then if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/$pdf_filename" ]]; then
pdf_link="<a href=\"$pdf_filename\" class=\"btn btn-pdf\">PDF</a>" pdf_link="<a href=\"$pdf_filename\" class=\"btn btn-pdf\">PDF</a>"
fi fi
link_html="<a href=\"$filename\" class=\"kapitel-link\"><div class=\"kapitel-label\">$kapitel_label</div><div class=\"kapitel-title\">$topic</div></a>"
slides_html="<a href=\"$filename\" class=\"btn btn-slides\">Folien</a>"
pdf_html="$pdf_link"
fi
cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << LINK cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << LINK
<div class="kapitel-card"> <div class="$card_class">
<a href="$filename" class="kapitel-link"> $link_html
<div class="kapitel-label">$kapitel_label</div> $slides_html
<div class="kapitel-title">$topic</div> $pdf_html
</a>
<a href="$filename" class="btn btn-slides">Folien</a>
$pdf_link
</div> </div>
LINK LINK
done done
# Add klausur entry if it exists # Add klausurfolien entry if it exists
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausur.html" ]]; then if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausurfolien.html" ]]; then
pdf_link="" pdf_link=""
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausur.pdf" ]]; then if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausurfolien.pdf" ]]; then
pdf_link="<a href=\"klausur.pdf\" class=\"btn btn-pdf\">PDF</a>" pdf_link="<a href=\"klausurfolien.pdf\" class=\"btn btn-pdf\">PDF</a>"
fi fi
cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << KLAUSUR cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << KLAUSUR
<div class="kapitel-card" style="border-left: 3px solid $ACCENT_COLOR;"> <div class="kapitel-card" style="border-left: 3px solid $ACCENT_COLOR;">
<a href="klausur.html" class="kapitel-link"> <a href="klausurfolien.html" class="kapitel-link">
<div class="kapitel-label">Prüfung</div> <div class="kapitel-label">Prüfung</div>
<div class="kapitel-title">Klausurrelevante Folien</div> <div class="kapitel-title">Klausurrelevante Folien</div>
</a> </a>
<a href="klausur.html" class="btn btn-slides">Folien</a> <a href="klausurfolien.html" class="btn btn-slides">Folien</a>
$pdf_link $pdf_link
</div> </div>
KLAUSUR KLAUSUR
fi fi
# Add klausurfragen entry if it exists (HTML and/or PDF)
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausurfragen.html" ]] || [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausurfragen.pdf" ]]; then
pdf_link=""
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausurfragen.pdf" ]]; then
pdf_link="<a href=\"klausurfragen.pdf\" class=\"btn btn-pdf\">PDF</a>"
fi
slides_link=""
if [[ -f "$BUILD_DIR/klausurfragen.html" ]]; then
slides_link="<a href=\"klausurfragen.html\" class=\"btn btn-slides\">Folien</a>"
fi
cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << KLAUSURFRAGEN
<div class="kapitel-card" style="border-left: 3px solid $ACCENT_COLOR;">
<a href="klausurfragen.html" class="kapitel-link">
<div class="kapitel-label">Prüfung</div>
<div class="kapitel-title">Klausurfragen</div>
</a>
$slides_link
$pdf_link
</div>
KLAUSURFRAGEN
fi
cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << FOOTER cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << FOOTER
</div> </div>
<div class="qr-section"> <div class="qr-section">
@@ -272,7 +368,7 @@ cat >> "$BUILD_DIR/index.html" << FOOTER
</div> </div>
<footer> <footer>
<a href="mailto:mail@librete.ch">Kontakt</a> · <a href="mailto:mail@librete.ch">Kontakt</a> ·
<a href="../">Alle Kurse</a> <a href="../">Kursübersicht</a>
</footer> </footer>
</body> </body>
</html> </html>
File diff suppressed because it is too large. Load diff
-563
View File
@@ -1,563 +0,0 @@
---
marp: true
theme: gaia
paginate: true
backgroundColor: #fff
header: "Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege (223015b)"
footer: "Michael Czechowski – HdM Stuttgart"
title: Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege
---
<style>
:root {
--color-foreground: #1a1a2e;
--color-highlight: #1e5f8a;
--color-dimmed: #4a4a6a;
}
section.invert {
--color-foreground: #fff;
}
section {
font-size: 1.7rem;
}
h1 {
color: #1e5f8a;
}
section.invert h1 {
color: #fff;
}
h2 {
color: #1f2937;
}
pre {
background: #0f0f23;
color: #5fb3e4;
border-radius: 8px;
border-left: 3px solid #1e5f8a;
}
pre code {
background: transparent;
color: inherit;
}
code {
background: #1a1a2e;
color: #5fb3e4;
padding: 0.15em 0.4em;
border-radius: 4px;
}
a {
color: var(--color-highlight);
}
section.klausur {
background: repeating-linear-gradient(
135deg,
#e3f2fd,
#e3f2fd 40px,
#fff 40px,
#fff 80px
) !important;
}
@media print {
section.klausur {
background: #e3f2fd !important;
}
}
section.aufgabe {
background: #e3f2fd !important;
}
section.aufgabe footer {
display: none;
}
</style>
<!--
╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ AUTO-GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY ║
║ ║
║ This file is generated by: make klausur ║
║ Source: scripts/extract-klausur.sh ║
║ ║
║ To update, edit the source slides and re-run make klausur ║
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
-->
<!-- _class: invert -->
<!-- _header: '' -->
<!-- _backgroundColor: #000 -->
![bg cover opacity:0.2](./assets/radek-grzybowski-eBRTYyjwpRY-unsplash.jpg)
# Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege
**223015b** · Modul "Technik 1" · 1. Semester
Digital- und Medienwirtschaft
Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
[https://librete.ch/hdm/223015b/](https://librete.ch/hdm/223015b/)
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Verlustfrei vs. Verlustbehaftet
| | Verlustfrei (Lossless) | Verlustbehaftet (Lossy) |
|---|---|---|
| **Prinzip** | **Redundanz** entfernen | **Irrelevanz** entfernen |
| **Reversibel** | Ja (Original wiederherstellbar) | Nein (Information unwiederbringlich weg) |
| **Reduktion** | 30-50% | 80-99% |
| **Formate** | ZIP, PNG, FLAC, GIF | JPEG, MP3, H.264/H.265 |
**Faustregel:**
- Medien für Endnutzer → Lossy oft akzeptabel
- Quellmaterial, Code, Archive → Lossless nötig
<!--
REDUNDANZ: Wiederholende Muster kompakter darstellen (z.B. "AAAA" → "4×A")
IRRELEVANZ: Für Menschen nicht wahrnehmbar (Psychoakustik, Psychovisuell)
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- Verlustfrei = Original 1:1 wiederherstellbar
- Verlustbehaftet = Information geht verloren, aber kaum wahrnehmbar
- Redundanz vs. Irrelevanz ist der Kernunterschied!
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Dateneinheiten
| Einheit | Bytes | Potenz | Beispiel |
|---------|------:|:------:|----------|
| **Byte** | 1 | 10⁰ | Farbwerte eines Pixels |
| **Kilobyte (KB)** | 1.000 | 10³ | Kleiner Programmcode |
| **Megabyte (MB)** | 1 Million | 10⁶ | Textdokument |
| **Gigabyte (GB)** | 1 Milliarde | 10⁹ | Kinofilm in FullHD |
| **Terabyte (TB)** | 1 Billion | 10¹² | ~12h Video in 4K |
| **Petabyte (PB)** | 1 Billiarde | 10¹⁵ | Netflix-Gesamtarchiv |
| **Exabyte (EB)** | 1 Trillion | 10¹⁸ | Alle E-Mails weltweit/Tag |
| **Zettabyte (ZB)** | 1 Trilliarde | 10²¹ | Internet-Traffic 2016 |
<!--
SI-Präfixe (Dezimal): 1 KB = 1.000 Bytes
Binär (IEC): 1 KiB = 1.024 Bytes (Kibibyte)
Windows zeigt oft binär, sagt aber "KB" → Verwirrung!
1 TB Festplatte = ~931 GiB nutzbar
Eselsbrücke: "Kilo Mega Giga Tera Peta Exa Zetta Yotta"
→ "Komm Mit Großem Tee, Peter Exte Zettelt Yachten"
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Der digitale Wendepunkt
| Jahr | Analog | Digital | Digital-Anteil |
|------|--------|---------|----------------|
| **1986** | 2,6 EB | 0,02 EB | **1%** |
| **2002** | — | — | **50%** (Wendepunkt) |
| **2007** | 18 EB | 277 EB | **94%** |
**Perspektive:**
- 1986: "Petabyte" war ein theoretisches Konzept
- 2025: ~181 Zettabyte jährlich produziert
**Magnetband lebt:** LTO-Tapes bleiben günstigstes Archivmedium
(AWS Glacier, Film-Archive, Rechenzentren)
<!--
PRÜFUNGSRELEVANT:
- Wendepunkt 2002
- Speichereinheiten (KB→MB→GB→TB→PB→EB→ZB)
- Magnetband als Archivmedium
QUELLE: Hilbert & López (2011): "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information", Science
METHODIK: 60 analoge + digitale Technologien untersucht (1986-2007)
WENDEPUNKT 2002: Erstmals mehr digital als analog gespeichert
ANALOG damals: Bücher, Zeitungen, Vinyl, VHS, Filmrollen, Fotos
DIGITAL damals: Festplatten, CDs, DVDs, frühe Flash-Speicher
HEUTE: LTO-9 (2021) speichert 18 TB pro Band, ~$5/TB für Cold Storage
VERGLEICH: SSD ~$50/TB, HDD ~$15/TB, LTO ~$5/TB
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Analoge Medien
### Distribution: physisch (Kauf, Verleih, Kopie)
- **Text**
- Bücher, Zeitungen, Zeitschriften, Lochkarten
- **Bild**
- Fotografie (Negativ, Dia, Polaroid), Mikrofilm
- **Audio:**
- Schallplatte (Vinyl, Schellack), Tonband, Musikkassette
- **Video:**
- Film (35mm, Super 8), VHS, Betamax
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Digitale Medien
### Distribution: Datenträger (CD, USB), Download, Streaming, P2P
- **Text**
- E-Book (PDF, EPUB), Dokumente (TXT, DOCX)
- **Bild**
- Digitalfoto (JPEG, PNG, RAW, WebP, GIF)
- **Audio**
- Audiodatei (MP3, FLAC, WAV, AAC, OGG)
- **Video**
- Videodatei (MP4, MKV, AVI, WebM)
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Digitale Speichermedien
- **Optische Speicher**
- CD, DVD, Blu-ray
- **Magnetische Speicher**
- Festplatte (HDD), Magnetband (LTO)
- **Flash-Speicher**
- SSD, USB-Stick, SD-Karte
- **Cloud-Speicher**
- Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud, AWS S3
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Rastergrafiken
**Aufbau:** Liste von Pixeln mit Farbwerten (2D-Array)
**Speicherbedarf (unkomprimiert):**
Breite × Höhe × Farbtiefe (in Bytes)
**Beispiele:** JPEG, PNG, WebP
| Bits (Farbtiefe) | Farben | Anwendung |
|-----:|-------:|-----------|
| 1 | 2 | Schwarz/Weiß (Fax) |
| 8 | 256 | Graustufen, GIF |
| 24 | 16,7 Mio. | True Color (Standard) |
| 32 | 16,7 Mio. + Alpha | Transparenz |
<!--
BERECHNUNG: Breite × Höhe × (Farbtiefe / 8)
BEISPIEL: 1920×1080 × 24 Bit = 1920×1080×3 = 6.220.800 Bytes ≈ 6,2 MB
Farbtiefe erklärt:
- 1 Bit: 2^1 = 2 Farben
- 8 Bit: 2^8 = 256 Farben
- 24 Bit: 2^24 = 16.777.216 Farben (je 8 Bit für R, G, B)
- 32 Bit: 24 Bit + 8 Bit Alpha-Kanal
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Vektorgrafiken
**Speicherung als geometrische Primitive:**
- Pfade (Bézierkurven mit Kontrollpunkten)
- Grundformen (Rechteck, Ellipse, Polygon)
- Text (Glyphen als Outlines)
**SVG-Beispiel:**
```xml
<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="#ff0000"/>
```
<small>SVG beschreibt nicht jeden einzelnen Pixel im Raster, sondern deklariert wie Farben und Formen gesetzt werden.</small>
<!--
Vektorgrafiken beschreiben WAS gezeichnet werden soll.
Rastergrafiken beschreiben WIE jeder Pixel aussieht.
Rendering-Pipeline:
Vektordaten → Rasterisierung → Framebuffer → Display
Beim Skalieren werden einfach die Koordinaten multipliziert.
Keine Information geht verloren.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Die Schwächen des Auges
**Menschen sehen:**
- Helligkeit besser als Farbe
- Große Flächen besser als feine Details
- Niedrige Frequenzen besser als hohe
**JPEG nutzt das aus:**
- Farbauflösung reduzieren (aber Helligkeit behalten)
- Glatte Flächen effizient speichern
- Hohe Frequenzen (Details) verwerfen
<!--
Das ist die visuelle Entsprechung zur Psychoakustik.
Das Auge hat mehr Rezeptoren für Helligkeit (Stäbchen)
als für Farbe (Zapfen).
Hohe Frequenzen = schnelle Wechsel = feine Details
Niedrige Frequenzen = langsame Wechsel = große Flächen
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
![bg right:20%](./assets/Barn-yuv.png)
# JPEG: Schritt 1 – Farbraumkonversion
**RGB → Y'CbCr** (seltener Y'UV)
- **Y** = Helligkeit (Luminanz) – Was das Auge am besten sieht
- **Cb** = Blau-Gelb-Anteil (Chrominanz)
- **Cr** = Rot-Grün-Anteil (Chrominanz)
**Warum diese Trennung?**
Y (Helligkeit) behält volle Auflösung.
Cb/Cr (Farbe) kann reduziert werden – Auge merkt es kaum.
<!--
YCbCr ist wie RGB ein Tripel aus 3 Werten pro Pixel.
Der Unterschied: Statt Rot-Grün-Blau speichern wir Helligkeit + 2 Farbdifferenzen.
Die Umrechnung ist reversibel (mathematische Transformation).
Der Clou: Jetzt können wir Helligkeit und Farbe getrennt behandeln.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# JPEG: Schritt 6 – Huffman-Coding
**Verlustfreie Kompression der Restwerte**
**Idee:** Statt fester 8 Bit pro Wert → variable Bitlänge
Häufige Werte bekommen kurze Bit-Sequenzen.
| Zeichen | Häufigkeit | Code (Bit-Sequenz) |
|---------|------------|------|
| e | 40% | `0` (1 Bit) |
| a | 25% | `10` (2 Bit) |
| i | 20% | `110` (3 Bit) |
| o | 10% | `1110` (4 Bit) |
| u | 5% | `1111` (4 Bit) |
<!--
Huffman-Coding ist verlustfrei.
Der "Code" ist eine Bit-Sequenz, die das Zeichen eindeutig identifiziert.
Weil "e" am häufigsten vorkommt, bekommt es den kürzesten Code.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Container und Codec
**Container = Das Dateiformat (Beispiel: MP4)**
Die "Box", die verschiedene Streams zusammenpackt:
- Video-Stream
- Audio-Stream(s)
- Untertitel
- Metadaten
**Codec = Der Kompressionsalgorithmus (Beispiel: AV1)**
Entscheidet, WIE komprimiert wird.
<!--
Container ≠ Codec
Das ist ein häufiges Missverständnis.
MP4 ist ein Container, nicht ein Codec.
Ein MP4 kann H.264, H.265 oder AV1 enthalten.
Übrigens: JPEG ist ein Codec (für Bilder), kein Container.
Bei Bildern fallen Container und Codec oft zusammen.
Tools wie MediaInfo zeigen beide Informationen.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# H.264 / AVC
**Advanced Video Coding (2003)**
**Warum dominant?**
- Exzellente Kompression (~100:1 möglich)
- Hardware-Support in jedem Gerät seit ~2010
- YouTube, Netflix, Blu-ray – alles H.264
**Features:**
- Variable Block-Größen (16×16 bis 4×4)
- Deblocking-Filter (reduziert Block-Artefakte)
<!--
H.264 revolutionierte Video-Streaming.
Ohne H.264 kein Netflix, kein YouTube in HD.
Hardware-Decoder bedeutet: Kein CPU-Aufwand, kein Akku-Drain.
Selbst billige Smartphones können H.264 abspielen.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# AV1: Die offene Zukunft
**AV1 (2018)**
**Alliance for Open Media:**
Google, Netflix, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Mozilla...
**Eigenschaften:**
- 30% besser als H.265
- Royalty-free, Open Source
- 8K, HDR, hohe Frame-Rates
**Stand 2025:**
YouTube und Netflix nutzen AV1 für 4K/8K
Hardware-Encoder in aktuellen GPUs
<!--
AOM = Alliance for Open Media, gegründet 2015.
Historisch: Konkurrierende Tech-Giganten vereint.
Das Ziel: Nie wieder Patent-Chaos wie bei H.265.
Problem: Encoding ist sehr langsam (10-100× vs. H.264).
Hardware-Encoder lösen das zunehmend.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Wann HDD, wann SSD?
| Anwendung | Empfehlung |
|-----------|------------|
| Betriebssystem | SSD (NVMe) |
| Anwendungen, Spiele | SSD |
| Video-Editing (Projekte) | SSD |
| Foto-Archiv | HDD oder SSD |
| Backup | HDD |
| NAS / Server | HDD (oder Mix) |
| Cold Storage | HDD oder Band |
<!--
Die Faustregel:
- Oft genutzt, schnell gebraucht → SSD
- Selten genutzt, viel Kapazität → HDD
Viele setzen auf beides:
Kleine SSD für System + große HDD für Archiv.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Die 3-2-1-Regel
**3** Kopien eurer Daten
(Original + 2 Backups)
**2** verschiedene Medientypen
(z.B. SSD + HDD, oder lokal + Cloud)
**1** Kopie an anderem Ort
(Offsite: Cloud, anderes Gebäude)
<!--
Herkunft: Peter Krogh, "The DAM Book" (2005)
Warum 3 Kopien?
- Original kann kaputt gehen
- Backup 1 auch
- Backup 2 = Sicherheitspuffer
Warum 2 Medientypen?
- Gleiche Medien haben gleiche Schwachstellen
- Batch-Fehler bei HDDs derselben Charge
Warum 1 Offsite?
- Brand/Wasserschaden zerstört alles vor Ort
- Ransomware verschlüsselt angeschlossene Laufwerke
-->
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header: "Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege (223015b)"
footer: "Michael Czechowski – HdM Stuttgart – WS 2025/26"
title: Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege
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║ AUTO-GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY ║
║ ║
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║ Source: scripts/extract-klausur.sh ║
║ ║
║ To update, edit the source slides and re-run make klausur ║
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
-->
<!-- _class: invert -->
<!-- _header: '' -->
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![bg cover opacity:0.2](./assets/radek-grzybowski-eBRTYyjwpRY-unsplash.jpg)
# Dateiformate, Schnittstellen, Speichermedien & Distributionswege
**223015b** · Modul "Technik 1" · 1. Semester
Digital- und Medienwirtschaft
Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
**Wintersemester 2025/26**
[https://librete.ch/hdm/223015b/](https://librete.ch/hdm/223015b/)
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Rastergrafiken
**Aufbau:** Liste von Pixeln mit Farbwerten (2D-Array)
**Speicherbedarf (unkomprimiert):**
Breite × Höhe × Farbtiefe (in Bytes)
**Beispiele:** JPEG, PNG, WebP
| Bits (Farbtiefe) | Farben | Anwendung |
|-----:|-------:|-----------|
| 1 | 2 | Schwarz/Weiß (Fax) |
| 8 | 256 | Graustufen, GIF |
| 24 | 16,7 Mio. | True Color (Standard) |
| 32 | 16,7 Mio. + Alpha | Transparenz |
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- Formel: Breite × Höhe × (Farbtiefe / 8) = Bytes
- Beispielrechnung: 1920 × 1080 × 3 = 6.220.800 Bytes ≈ 6,2 MB
- Farbtiefe: 2^n Farben bei n Bit
- 24 Bit = 8 Bit pro Kanal (R, G, B)
- 32 Bit = 24 Bit + 8 Bit Alpha (Transparenz)
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Vektorgrafiken
**Speicherung als geometrische Primitive:**
- Pfade (Bézierkurven mit Kontrollpunkten)
- Grundformen (Rechteck, Ellipse, Polygon)
- Text (Glyphen als Outlines)
**SVG-Beispiel:**
```xml
<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="#ff0000"/>
```
<small>SVG beschreibt WAS gezeichnet werden soll, nicht WIE jeder Pixel aussieht.</small>
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- Vektor = Beschreibung (deklarativ)
- Raster = Pixel für Pixel (imperativ)
- Rendering-Pipeline: Vektordaten → Rasterisierung → Display
- Skalierung = Koordinaten multiplizieren → keine Information geht verloren
- SVG = Scalable Vector Graphics (Web-Standard)
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Die Schwächen des Auges
**Menschen sehen:**
- Helligkeit besser als Farbe
- Große Flächen besser als feine Details
- Niedrige Frequenzen besser als hohe
**JPEG nutzt das aus:**
- Farbauflösung reduzieren (Helligkeit behalten)
- Glatte Flächen effizient speichern
- Hohe Frequenzen (feine Details) verwerfen
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- Mehr Stäbchen (Helligkeit) als Zapfen (Farbe) im Auge
- "Frequenz" = räumliche Frequenz = wie schnell ändert sich Helligkeit?
- Niedrig = langsame Änderung = große gleichmäßige Fläche
- Hoch = schnelle Änderung = feine Details, Kanten
- Analogie zur Psychoakustik bei MP3 (letztes Mal)
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
![bg right:20%](./assets/Barn-yuv.png)
# JPEG Schritt 1: Farbraumkonversion
**RGB → Y'CbCr**
- **Y** = Helligkeit (Luminanz)
- **Cb** = Blau-Gelb-Anteil (Chrominanz)
- **Cr** = Rot-Grün-Anteil (Chrominanz)
**Warum?**
Y (Helligkeit) behält volle Auflösung
Cb/Cr (Farbe) kann reduziert werden
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- YCbCr = auch 3 Werte pro Pixel, aber anders organisiert
- Statt R-G-B: Helligkeit + 2 Farbdifferenzen
- Umrechnung ist reversibel (mathematische Transformation)
- Vorteil: Helligkeit und Farbe getrennt behandelbar
- Bild zeigt: Y (oben), Cb (Mitte), Cr (unten)
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# JPEG Schritt 6: Huffman-Coding
**Verlustfreie Kompression der Restwerte**
**Idee:** Variable Bitlänge statt fester 8 Bit
Häufige Werte → kurze Codes
| Zeichen | Häufigkeit | Code |
|---------|------------|------|
| e | 40% | `0` (1 Bit) |
| a | 25% | `10` (2 Bit) |
| i | 20% | `110` (3 Bit) |
| o | 10% | `1110` (4 Bit) |
| u | 5% | `1111` (4 Bit) |
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- Huffman = verlustfrei, optimal für bekannte Häufigkeiten
- Präfix-frei: Kein Code ist Anfang eines anderen
- Häufigstes Zeichen = kürzester Code
- Auch in ZIP, PNG, MP3 verwendet
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
<!--
# Huffman-Coding: Beispiel
**Originaltext:** `ABRACADABRA` (11 Zeichen × 8 Bit = 88 Bit)
**Häufigkeitsanalyse:**
A=5, B=2, R=2, C=1, D=1
**Huffman-Baum → Codes:**
| Zeichen | Häufigkeit | Code |
|---------|------------|------|
| A | 5 | `0` |
| B | 2 | `10` |
| R | 2 | `110` |
| C | 1 | `1110` |
| D | 1 | `1111` |
**Codiert:** `0 10 110 0 1110 0 1111 0 10 110 0` = **23 Bit**
**Kompression:** 88 → 23 Bit = **74% gespart**
- Beispiel Schritt für Schritt durchrechnen
- Warum funktioniert's? A kommt 5× vor, bekommt kürzesten Code
- Präfix-Eigenschaft: Kein Code ist Anfang eines anderen → eindeutig dekodierbar
- Frage: "Was passiert, wenn alle Zeichen gleich häufig sind?" → Keine Ersparnis
- In JPEG: Nicht Buchstaben, sondern DCT-Koeffizienten werden so codiert
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# WebP & AVIF: Moderne Alternativen
**WebP (Google, 2010):**
- Lossy und Lossless
- Transparenz und Animationen
- 25–35% kleiner als JPEG
**AVIF (2019):**
- Basiert auf AV1-Video-Codec
- 50% kleiner als JPEG
- HDR-Unterstützung, patent-frei
**Browser-Support 2025:** WebP universell, AVIF wächst
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- WebP: VP8-Kompression (Google Video-Codec)
- AVIF: Alliance for Open Media (Google, Netflix, Amazon, Apple, Mozilla)
- Beide besser als JPEG, aber Kompatibilität bleibt Problem
- JPEG bleibt dominant: alte Kameras, Software, Workflows
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Container und Codec
**Container = Dateiformat (z.B. MP4)**
Die "Box", die verschiedene Streams zusammenpackt:
- Video-Stream
- Audio-Stream(s)
- Untertitel
- Metadaten
**Codec = Kompressionsalgorithmus (z.B. H.264)**
Bestimmt, WIE komprimiert wird
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- Container ≠ Codec (häufiges Missverständnis!)
- MP4 kann H.264, H.265 oder AV1 enthalten
- Gleiche Endung, unterschiedlicher Inhalt
- Tool-Tipp: MediaInfo zeigt beides an
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# H.264 / AVC
**Advanced Video Coding (2003)**
**Warum dominant?**
- Exzellente Kompression (~100:1 möglich)
- Hardware-Decoder in jedem Gerät seit ~2010
- YouTube, Netflix, Blu-ray – alles H.264
**Features:**
- Variable Block-Größen (16×16 bis 4×4)
- Deblocking-Filter (reduziert Artefakte)
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- H.264 revolutionierte Video-Streaming
- Ohne H.264 kein Netflix, kein YouTube HD
- Hardware-Decoder = kein CPU-Aufwand, kein Akku-Drain
- Selbst billigste Smartphones können H.264 abspielen
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# AV1: Die offene Zukunft
**AV1 (2018)**
**Alliance for Open Media:**
Google, Netflix, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Mozilla...
**Eigenschaften:**
- 30% besser als H.265
- Royalty-free, Open Source
- 8K, HDR, hohe Frame-Rates
**Stand 2025:**
YouTube, Netflix nutzen AV1 für 4K/8K
Hardware-Encoder in aktuellen GPUs
<!--
KLAUSURRELEVANT:
- AOM gegründet 2015 – historisch: Konkurrenten vereint
- Ziel: Nie wieder Patent-Chaos wie bei H.265
- Problem: Encoding sehr langsam (10–100× vs. H.264)
- Hardware-Encoder lösen das zunehmend
- AV1 gewann 2024 einen Emmy für technische Innovation
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Wann HDD, wann SSD?
| Anwendung | Empfehlung |
|-----------|------------|
| Betriebssystem | SSD (NVMe) |
| Anwendungen, Spiele | SSD |
| Video-Editing (Projekte) | SSD |
| Foto-Archiv | HDD oder SSD |
| Backup | HDD |
| NAS / Server | HDD (oder Mix) |
| Cold Storage | HDD oder Band |
<!--
Die Faustregel:
- Oft genutzt, schnell gebraucht → SSD
- Selten genutzt, viel Kapazität → HDD
Viele setzen auf beides:
Kleine SSD für System + große HDD für Archiv.
-->
---
<!-- _header: "" -->
<!-- _footer: "" -->
# Die 3-2-1-Regel
**3** Kopien eurer Daten
(Original + 2 Backups)
**2** verschiedene Medientypen
(z.B. SSD + HDD, oder lokal + Cloud)
**1** Kopie an anderem Ort
(Offsite: Cloud, anderes Gebäude)
<!--
Herkunft: Peter Krogh, "The DAM Book" (2005)
Warum 3 Kopien?
- Original kann kaputt gehen
- Backup 1 auch
- Backup 2 = Sicherheitspuffer
Warum 2 Medientypen?
- Gleiche Medien haben gleiche Schwachstellen
- Batch-Fehler bei HDDs derselben Charge
Warum 1 Offsite?
- Brand/Wasserschaden zerstört alles vor Ort
- Ransomware verschlüsselt angeschlossene Laufwerke
-->
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